Learning disabilities are brain-based differences that affect how a child takes in, processes, and uses information. The most commonly recognized types include dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia.

Dyslexia makes reading especially difficult. It can affect a child’s ability to sound out new words, read fluently, or spell accurately. Many children with dyslexia avoid reading altogether, which often causes the gap to grow wider over time.

Dysgraphia involves difficulty with handwriting, spelling, and organizing thoughts on paper. Children may struggle with letter formation, spacing, or writing speed.

Dyscalculia is a math-based learning disability that makes it hard to understand numbers, memorize facts, or apply math concepts.

Early support makes a big difference. The early school years focus on learning how to read, but by third grade, reading becomes the tool for learning everything else. Identifying a learning disability early helps keep children from falling behind when that shift happens.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects how a person communicates, interacts, and experiences the world. While every child with autism is different, common traits include challenges with social interactions, understanding body language, and adapting to changes in routine.

Some children may have intense interests or repeat behaviors, and many have sensory differences such as being unusually sensitive to noise, light, or textures.

Because autism is a spectrum, children may need different types and levels of support. An evaluation can help you understand your child’s strengths and challenges and guide you toward the right resources.

Intellectual disability (ID) is a developmental condition that affects how a child thinks, learns, and performs everyday tasks. It involves challenges with intellectual abilities like reasoning and problem-solving, as well as adaptive skills such as communication, self-care, and social understanding.

These differences are present from childhood and can impact how a child functions at school, at home, and in the community. Support needs vary — some children may only need help with certain skills, while others require more hands-on support across daily life.

Anxiety disorders go beyond typical childhood worries. If your child experiences ongoing fears that interfere with their schoolwork, friendships, or family life, they may be dealing with an anxiety disorder.

Children may avoid certain situations, complain of physical symptoms like stomachaches or headaches, or seem overly irritable or clingy. Common types include generalized anxiety, separation anxiety, social anxiety, phobias, and panic attacks. Support can help them feel safe and regain confidence.

Depression in children isn’t just about sadness — it can show up as persistent irritability, withdrawal, loss of interest, or changes in sleep, appetite, or energy.

If your child seems consistently down or disconnected, or shows changes in motivation, behavior, or mood for more than two weeks, they may need support. Early identification is key to helping them feel better and function well at home, school, and with peers.